Dietary Assessment Essay -- Nutrition, Diet, Disease

A nourishmentary assessment method is a critical component in many aspects of sustenanceal epidemiology much(prenominal) as evaluating energy and nutrient intake in free-living individuals (Taren, et al., 2002). The purpose of alimentary assessment data collection is to establish the causal associations between diet and disease aetiology (Jain, et al., 1996). However, it is very difficult to measure exactly how much food people eat or to determine the nutrient content of the diet (Wild, et al., 2001). Therefore, the valid and precise techniques are required to estimate accurate and detailed information on food and nutrient intake as well as eating patterns for identification of the dietary influence on health and disease (Bingham, et al.,1994).Nutrition assessments include clinical and dietary assessment, anthropometrics, as well as biochemical, research lab immunologic and functional indices of nutritional status (Gibney, 2005). In epidemiological studies, different dietary in vestigation tools were designed to assess the nutritional status in individuals and populations, nutrition monitoring and surveillance and diet-disease research (Friedenreich, et al., 1992, Taren, 2002). Choosing an appropriate dietary assessment method depends on the purpose for which it is needed. The majority of retrospective dietary assessment methods such as 24-hour recall is of limited validity because of dependence on subject memory and motivation, reliability of the respondent not to under /misreport and ability to estimate portion sizes of the items consumed (Thompson & Byers, 1994). Although the technique is inexpensive, low respondent burden and relatively easy to assess current nutrient intake of a group, it is not appropriate to use data from a single day to repr... ...., 2006). Furthermore, nutritional analysis of recording or reporting food intake data presents a main source of inaccuracy when determining ordinary nutrient intake and it does not contain comprehensi ve information on the interpretation of results from dietary surveys (Macdiarmid, & Blundell, 1997). Therefore, biochemical markers of nutrient intake are now a valuable tool in validating dietary assessment methods (Bingham, 2002). For example, the double labelled water technique and 24-hour urine nitrogen and potassium are routinely used and potentially independent of the errors associated with dietary survey methods (Bingham, 2002). The aims of the study is to determine the intake of total energy, protein , carbohydrate, fat, iron, calcium and fiber within a group of students development the duplicate diet analysis, 24 hour recall and the 7 day weighed intake.

The Importance of Communication and Teamwork Among the Flight and Cabin

The Importance of Communication and Teamwork Among the Flight and Cabin CrewTABLE OF CONTENTS bunco 4INTRODUCTION 5Background 5Purpose/Audience 5Sources 5Limitaions 5Scope 5COLLECTED DATA 5Importance of Communication Among the Crew 5Main Cause of Aircraft Accidents 6Duties of the Crew Members 7Expectations of the Crew 7The Crew is a Team 8Intimidatin in the Cockpit 8Cabin Crew is a part of the Team 9Trusting the Crews Judgment 9Crew Resource Management (CRM) 9Outline of CRM Training 10LOFT Training 10Organizing Resources and Priorities 11CONCLUSION 11Summary of Findings 11Interpretation of Findings 11REFERENCES 13 defraudThe majority of aircraft accidents are caused by human error, and an accident orincident is linked together by a chain of errors. Most of these accidents couldhave been avoided by the crew if they would have been communicating to eachother better. Some common errors that occur among the crew are poor taskdelegation, assertiveness, and distractions. Crew training in communication andteamwork will increase the crews performance train. Programs like Crew ResourceManagement (CRM) have been developed to try to help the crews work together and condense the human factor in accidents. CRM includes training inleadership/followership, assertiveness, management, communication, teamwork,decision making, and task delegation. Through programs like CRM crews learn towork together as a team, and when they are working together it is less likelytherell be an accident.INTORDUCTIONBackground     The cause for most aircraft accidents (65%) are by crew error (FAA News,1996). When the Crews performance level is low due to poor teamwork andcommunication this is when accidents happen. How can crew error be reduce? Eventhough human error cant be reduced completely through constant training andeffort by the crew performance will increase and accidents will be reduced.Purpose/Audience     This describe is intended for a general audience and will show howimportant it is for the flight and cabin crew to work together and communicateas a team. This report will also examine the CRM program.Sources     Sources have been obtained for this report from the Internet and fromthe Waldo Library, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Mich... ...grams like CRM are very helpful in bestow these principles andbreaking the bad habits. Poor attitiudes and habits cant be changed overnight.Thats why there is a need for recurrent CRM training. Communicaiton andteamwork is the key to safe and effective operations. Theres no "I" in CREW butthere is "WE".REFERENCESChute, R. D. & Wiener, E. L. "Cockpit/cabin communication I. A tale of twocultures." http//olias.arc.nasa.gov/personnel/people/RebeccaChute/JA1.htm..Oct 1996.Federal Aviation Administration. (1995) Crew vision management training (AFS-210, AC no. 120-51B). Washington, D. C.Nader, R. & Smith, W. J. (1994). Collision c ourse The truth about airlinesafety. PA TAB Books.FAA News. "Atlantic coast airlines outset to use FAA crew performance program."http//www.dot.gov/affairs/apa15596.htm. Sept 1996.Helmreich, R. L. "The evolution of crew resource management."http//www.psy.utexas.edu/psy/helmreich/iata96/htm. Oct 1996.Chute, R. D. & Wiener, E. L. (1996). Cockpit-cabin communicaiton II. shall wetell the pilot? The International Journal of Aviaiton Phychology, 6 (3), 211--229

Community and the Rocky Horror Picture Show :: Rocky Horror Descriptive Essays

Community and the grating Horror limn Show Sex, adultery, rock and roll, and belonging. These atomic number 18 just some of the things that draw teens into The Rocky Horror Picture Show every Friday and Saturday night. Most teens are raddled in by a family connection and there are still others who are simply drawn in by the curiosity brought up by the name of the show alone. I was drawn in because of family and friend ties to the show. Many teens who go find themselves in a place where they feel that they belong. Teens who normally get called freaks go to Rocky because it is a place where they are no longer considered that. Every person that attends Rocky has a certain uniqueness about them that is celebrated at every show. When you go to Rocky, you meet others who are just like you. This helps to build friendships and bonds between the attendees. It in like manner creates an air of family in the theater that goes everywhere with you.Every week there is a random number of virgin s, or first timers, elect to be sacrificed. These sacrifices are all in fun and are seen as a way of passage into the Rocky community. The first time I went, myself and three other virgins were chosen to be sacrificed. Our sacrifice was long, painless, and completely hilarious. In fact I dont think that it would have been half as fun if I hadnt had my three closest friends sitting in the audience laughing at me. Out of the four of us chosen only one was a boy and they make him be an ataman. The two remaining virgins and I were placed under a table and left there to our own devices while the cast made a toast to a newly married member. My being chosen to be sacrificed made me feel as if I really belonged there and would neer be shunned. I was also very pleased by the fact that I was chosen to be sacrificed by my favorite character, Eddy who was being play by Dustin Martinez that night. After the toast was finished we did our oath and were allowed to go back to our seats and the sho w began.In the Rocky community everyone is celebrated for who they are. Individuality is something peculiar(a) among the Trannies and it will always be that way. No guy is ever ridiculed or mocked for dressing like a woman and no woman is ever looked tidy sum upon for dressing like a man.

Degradation of Women in Jack Kerouac’s On The Road Essay -- On The Roa

The Degradation of Women in On The Road An argument can be made that the women in Jack Kerouacs On The Road are not as characteristically well developed as the men. Through Sal and deans interactions with women, the reader sees that there exist two types of females in this new - the benevolent virgin/mother figure or the whore. Women are constantly referred to in a negative way or blatantly degraded and insulted by numerous characters. However, Kerouac (through the character of Sal) exhibits sympathy for women. Sal does occasionally participate in female stereotyping, but this is simply because he wants to fit in. Although Sal may try to make arguments against the lamentable treatment of women, the novel in its entirety seems to reinforce male domination. On the Road endorses the belief that women exist as either a virgin or a whore and Sals character is not strong enough to offset this belief(Bartlett 135). Although women are portrayed negatively in the novel, they do play a key role in many ways. Dean always needs to have a woman around to make his experiences more real. As a result, women in general are often degraded. Marylou, for example, is constantly talked about but never talked to. She is not socially valuable enough to engage in conversation. When Dean tries to persuade Sal to sleep with Marylou, the dialogue is between Sal and Dean. Marylou doesnt have one line. All she really has is a little go ahead. That is all and that really does not even imply cooperation only coercion like go ahead and You do Your thing to me. Dean is flippantly wanting... ...icate Dynamics of Friendship A rethink of Kerouacs On The Road. American Literature. v46 200-206. 1974. Holmes, John C. The Philosophy of the Beat Generation. On the Road. Text and Criticism. By Jack Kerouac. Ed. Scott Donaldson. New York Penguin, 1979. 367-79. Kerouac, Jack. On The Road. Ed. Scott Donaldson. New York Penguin, 1979. Krupat, Arnold. Dean Moriarty as seraphic Hero. On the Road. Text and Criticism. By Jack Kerouac. Ed. Scott Donaldson. New York Penguin, 1979. 397-411. Lorch, Thomas M. Purdys Malcolm A Unique Vision of Radical Emptiness. Wisconsin Studies in Contemporary Literature. 6 (1965) 204-13. Purdy, James. Malcolm. London, New York Serpents Tail, 1994. Watson, Steven. The stemma of The Beat Generation. New York 1981

War of 1812 Essay -- essays research papers

The War of 1812The war of 1812, supposedly fought over neutral trading rights, was a very peculiar conflict indeed. Britains manage restrictions, one of the main causes, were removed two days before the war started the overbold Englanders, for whom the war was supposedly fought, opposed it the most decisive battle, at New Orleans, was fought after the war ended.During the Napoleonic wars, Britain and France had disrupted US shipping, confiscated American goods, taking US seamen into the British navy, and both sides had blockaded each others ports. This caused great annoyance to American traders, and Britains abduction of American sailors especially caused great uproar and indignation at home. Many called for war, although it is interesting to note that it was southerners and westerners, the so-called war hawks led by Clay and Calhoun, who support war who were least affected by Britains actions. Some historians attribute this to their desire to take British Canada and Spanish Flori da in the process of war. The Republican administration, traditionally substantiating of France, finally declared war on Britain in 1812, ironically two days after Britain had lifted their trade embargo.Two and a half years of fighting commenced, and when the peace treaty was eventually signed in Ghent, there was no mention whatsoever of neutral rights. The treaty gave neither si...

Alcoholism And How It Has Affected Me Essay -- essays research papers

Alcoholism is a disease that affects millions of lives everyday. Most dont realize they even have a problem until its too late. It is a disease that affects almost every family in America in one way or another including mine. I learned a very important lesson close the disease that afflicted my grandfather when I myself had a bout with alcoholism. I have always heard from my father what a smart boy I am. My father also talks of how much I remind him of his father, Im mechanic all toldy inclined, have good habitual sense, and I have an intelligent personality. But I always found a way to screw things up and make a mess of myself. I couldnt hold a job, I was failing out of school, and my family life was almost non-existent. I had no motivation and it was apparent to others that I was a moody drinker. I didnt consider Drinking to be a problem though, it was just my way of relaxing. Having a few drinks on the weekends with my friends quickly developed into an all day every day event. I had been drinking everyday for about a year when my father and I began talking about my problem. I knew I had a problem, but I wouldnt acknowledge it publicly. My father one day in a conversation we were having, mentioned a poem I wrote about drinking. One line in particular at the end a real friend wont disappear when your thirsty gave almost definite proof of my knowing I had a problem. At the end of...

Alcoholism And How It Has Affected Me Essay -- essays research papers

Alcoholism is a disease that affects millions of lives everyday. Most dont realize they even have a problem until its too late. It is a disease that affects almost every family in America in peerless flair or another including mine. I learned a very important lesson a go the disease that afflicted my grandfather when I myself had a bout with alcoholism. I have al styles heard from my father what a smart boy I am. My father also talks of how much I motivate him of his father, Im mechanically inclined, have good common sense, and I have an intelligent personality. But I always found a way to screw things up and make a mess of myself. I couldnt hold a job, I was failing out of school, and my family life was almost non-existent. I had no motivation and it was apparent to others that I was a heavy drinker. I didnt consider Drinking to be a problem though, it was just my way of relaxing. Having a few drinks on the weekends with my suspensors quickly developed into an all day every day event.I had been drinking everyday for about a course of study when my father and I began talking about my problem. I knew I had a problem, but I wouldnt acknowledge it publicly. My father one day in a conversation we were having, mentioned a poem I wrote about drinking. One line in particular at the end a real friend wont disappear when your thirsty gave almost definite proof of my knowing I had a problem. At the end of...

Rci Master Distributors

RCI assure Distributor Evolution of Supplier Relationships 9/16/2012 Group 3 PHILIP CORRADINI (IE/15/009) KAMALIKA GANGOLY (PGP/15/019) S. SIDDHARTH (PGP/15/048) DEVINA BHASKAR (PGP/15/082) APOORVA GOYAL (PGP/15/130) MADHURI MUKHERJEE (PGP/15/155) AMARENDRA (PGP/15/202) DHANANJAY JANARTHANAN (PGP/15/216) GAUTAM S (PGP/15/277) S. HARIPRASAD (PGP/15/314) HISTORY OF RCI 1946 Mark Schwartz founded a motor repair business concern and secured a GE certification for component reveals. He was instrumental in bringing ab proscribed a service innovation by exchanging fully working motors with customers who came in for repairs of their broken bolt down motors.He then repaired them and replenished his motor inventory. 1962- GEs General Purpose Control operation developed a new accomplishor for its air-conditioning and refrigeration business. Mark Schwartz attained the rights to solo distribute these contactors to the aftermarket through air-conditioning and refrigeration middlemans. 1963 RCI had demonstrated to GE that they could get GEs products to market, with the parts moving from nobleman distributors to wholesalers and ultimately service repair persons. RCI as well worked in the direction of providing new innovations in legal injury of packing and product innovations as well.Mark Swartz worked with GE engineers and through this inputs in developing innovations, RCI continued to distribute these models exclusively. 1974 Danny Swartz takes to a greater extent responsibility and starts taking all the day-to-day business decisions. Some of the key values which RCI followed were * Working by developing a consanguinity of trust and confidence with suppliers. They did non have both formally drawn contracts. * Demonstrating to the suppliers how difficult diffusion was and how RCIs competencies could non be replicated. CURRENT SYSTEM The current position of RCI was as followsRCI distributed over 6000 electrical and related products earning revenue of $ 35. 8 million and with operating profits of $ 3 million. RCI plays the role of a master distributor i. e. it sells to air-conditioning and refrigeration wholesalers who in turn sell to air conditioning and refrigeration contractors and repair houses. Their role is essentially restricted to the aftermarket channel for repair parts. RCIS SALES PROCESS RCI uses a ne dickensrk of independent manufacturers reps. who were 45 in numbers and from 14 companies. The average commission received by them was 3. % and usually do not carry competing lines. RCI operated five w behouses which were electronically linked and operated on real-time inventory basis. RCIs strength was in commercial refrigeration and air-conditioning business where price was unessential in some cases and reliability was more revered. Manufacturers of Electronic Components Ex GE, Texas Instrument, Honeywell, Emerson W. W. Grainger Wholesale/ Distributor 330 Outlets Master Distributors e. g. , RCI, Steveco, Brownell, gem Applia nce Equipment Manufacturers e. g. , GE, Amana, Trane Air-conditioning, Refrigeration and Appliance Wholesalers approx 1250 with 4000 branches) Repair and servicing Houses (approx. 10,000) Appliance Retail Dealers Consumers Overview of Industry Channel Structure Conflicts with GE GE Appliance and inhibit Loss of exclusivity In 1976, RCI first lost its exclusivity for cold controls to endocarp which started exchange 10 times the volume of cold controls as compared to RCI. GE Appliance and control was not very confident with Mark Schwartz who had only 3 years of diffusion business experience. GEMs success led to gradual loss of exclusivity of PCI over other products.GE appliance and control used dictatorial power against RCI because the latter was not satisfactory to affix the sales volume as desired by the former. Listed below are the outcomes of GE Motorss distribution channel study- a. Master distributors were gradually becoming inefficient and ineffective in managing invent ories, product knowledge and providing merc peckising support. b. Master distributors were being bypassed by suppliers who were selling products instanter to wholesalers. c. The wholesalers were getting products at prices 5-17% dismount than GEs master distributors from GEs competitors selling directly to them. . Master distributors started losing share of sales to manufacturers selling directly to wholesalers. GE Motors hence decided to keep master distributors but proposed to sell directly to top 10 wholesalers, a proposal that would have disposed RCI a very serious blow. notwithstanding RCI threatened GE motors to take back existing inventories with them, billing them for catalogue printing and distribution represent and refused any kind of repair service which meant end of the relationship. RCI had been in this business for a very long time and its innovative ideas were not being imitated by competitors as effectively as they could.The threat resulted in GE scrapping the p roposal. This showcases the use of Expert power by RCI owing to its expertise in distribution channel. This time virtually GE call fored to bypass RCI and remove its exclusivity by selling its products to WW Grainger who was a distributer/wholesaler (that too, a large one). This was esp. in the case of design and control relay which had been mastered by Mark Schwartz for GE under the RCI banner. We could say this was GEs display of Legitimate Power as it was looking out for options which could have brought in more sales volume to GE.RCI established itself as a standard in low cost lower end cardinal pole devices a 2 seller only next to Honeywell in retaliation to GE not reducing its price or developing a low cost product for the low end device by tying up with Component Manufacturing Seeing this GE approaches RCI to distribute its low cost private label for the lower end of the business. This behavior or GE was due to RCI establishing itself as a reference in Lower end two pole device which can be seen as RCIs Referent Power. Post the death of Mark Schwartz GE wanted to eliminate the Master Distributers completely.Danny threatened to drop the GE Line completely and add in competitors line. GE yielded to this seeing the revenue from RCI as a bird in hand better than two in the bush where it had to develop newer channel partners. Thus in this case we can say that RCI exhibited Reward Power RCI GEM demanding period in 1986 The demise of Mark Swartz left Danny Schwartz in charge of RCI for the first time. There was decline in sales for the first time in 1986 since 1971. There was also a major drop in the profits. Danny feared of making a loss due to these reasons.This led to questions whether RCI be able to handle this transition. The side by side(p) were the threats faced by Danny Schwartz GE acquiring GEM GE bought GEM products in the year 1986, who is a competitor distributor to RCI. Implications of GE takeover of GEM GE could internally lower price to G EM as it was only an internal transfer price. If this happens then GEM could sell at a lower price than RCI. And if GEM turns out to be profitable, GE could eliminate RCI as its distributor. Danny Schwartz remarked that this was the worst time of his life. GEs relations with GraingerGrainger was an integrated distributor/wholesaler franchise with 330 wholesale outlets that were served by its own captive distributor. It had significant buying power at the manufacturer. Grainger though was not a direct competitor to RCI. But it was competitor to the customers of RCI, the other wholesalers. Because of its strong influence on the consumers, the customers who went to Grainger to make a purchase would continue to buy in Grainger thereby pulling a air business from the other wholesalers who are RCI customers. This way Grainger causes a serious threat to RCI.Pricing policy for OEMs OEMs were also reselling parts of the products. Due to their huge volume of buying, the OEMs were able to purc hase GE motors components at discount about 25%. This would imply that price of a component purchased by RCI at 25$ would cost only 20$ to OEMs. repartee by RCI Danny struck a deal with A. O. Smith to make top 25 models of products under RCI Label. GE cautioned by Dannys attempt of distributing a conflict brand by reducing its price from 25$ to 21$. It then distributed the A. O. Smith models to the areas where GE sales were weak.THE CRITICAL ARMS OF THE RCI BUSINESS Customers For RCI, the customers are the wholesalers. Their biggest summation is the strong relationships they have built with their customers, which is primarily a result of their performance, and is also somewhat based on their social interactions and experiences with distributively other. RCI tries to re-educate customers in a way that is advantageous for them, mainly by convincing them that small shipments are better, which increases their reliance on RCI. They offer two pre season specials in which they give ext ended terms and rebates based on the quantities purchased.This is contradictory to their philosophy of encouraging small shipments however, it keeps the customers warehouses loaded, leaving lesser space for competitors products. Suppliers Managing suppliers is a major task for RCI. This is achieved, firstly, by purchasing in volumes, and secondly, by maintaining strong social relationships. Social relationships are maintained at a personal level with individuals by making suppliers leisurely in visiting them or having RCI people visit them, socialising, and working together.However, the downside of maintaining personal relationships is seen when the advocate at the suppliers end moves to a new job. At that juncture it becomes difficult because a new relationship needs to be developed with his successor or boss or other people in the concerned department. Operations RCI has faced problems at various ends, many a times by losing exclusivity or their suppliers share to competitors. Ho wever their competitors have mostly failed with the products they were given. RCI has been able to maintain a significant share in all products except the cold controls which was the first product they lost exclusivity on to GEM.RCI tries to accommodate the needs of each major customer by structuring different deals for them. The RCI business is a relatively small part of their customers overall business and they make large gross margins on their products. RCI represents not more than 5-10% of their customers business even if they have about 80% market share in the products they supply. As a result, their reliance on RCI is low. However, they want their customers to get hooked on to them by regularly placing small orders. Manufacturers Reps The reps cultivate and maintain personal relationships with customers.They are the first point of contact for the customer due to the relationships that they build. In addition they provide One stop shopping for the customers by allowing them to choose from a broad line of products from various manufacturers. The master distributor lacks the manpower or the capability to deal with individual customers and negotiate with them on price or quantity. This factor prevents manufacturers from entering the distribution business directly as he would face the same challenges. While dealing with individual reps the master distributor has significant power as RCI for instance accounts for 50-70% of its reps income.This allows them to be demanding in their expectations from the reps. However at the same time RCI ensures that it makes its payments on time and that it does not cheat its reps out of their commissions. The reps situation appears to be fragile as it can be seen from the case that 75% of the rep companies have come on in the last ten years. In case a specific rep does not perform up to expectations or if he is outsourcing the work to other reps RCI is prompt in getting rid of him. This ensures that only competent salesmen re main. Threats The firsthand threat faced is the consolidation of customers.This results in a loss of income in the following ways. The manufacturers decide to deal with the consolidated customers directly through their captive distribution divisions leaving out the master distributor entirely. This process also forces existing wholesalers to consolidate or quit the business entirely thereby severing the relationship they have with the master distributor. Upon consolidating customers start centralized distribution warehouses and thereby eliminate the need for specialized services that RCI provides such as rapid delivery.Although margins have remained continual prices have dropped throughout the industry. Acting upon the lower base prices the gross margin dollars of RCI has decreased over time. Other problems faced include a growing increase in expenses on account of inflation, increased wages and other costs. At a time of constant margins this ends up affecting the bottom line. OEM s have a different relationship with manufactures due to the large volumes they provide. These volumes enable them to purchase parts at a significantly lower rate than independent replacement part distributors.This lowers the value of the assets that these replacement part distributors provide but enables them to capture a greater share of the OEM aftermarket share. OEMs are also starting in-house aftermarket distributors by victimization the price discounts that they receive from manufacturers. This could be a major threat in the long run as the only thing preventing the growth of these firms is the belief that manufacturers would not allow the same product to be sold to two different customers performing the same function at two different prices.RCI competes with such firms on the basis of its credibility and service that it provides. It provides a broad product line and better packaging with instructions and labels at a cost effective rate. Manufacturers choose selling to compani es like RCI as their margins would be higher. The long term attractiveness of RCIs business is also decreasing due to the fact that prices are margins are being eroded in the long run.

I Prefer to Live in Big Cities Than in Small Towns

I Prefer to Live in Big Cities than in Small-towns In English, there is a long-familiar fairy story about a poor country boy, Dick Whittington, who goes to London because he believes that the streets of that city are paved with gold. The story is a tale of from rags to riches. Dick eventually causes the Lord Mayor of London. Like the hero of that story, I love to take adventure in the cities. I grew up in a small town and then moved to a expectant city, so I have experienced the good and bad sides of both. I never thought that I would like living in a big city, but I was wrong.Cities contain a great assortment of populate. Whenever I walk around a shopping precinct at midday on a weekend, I am fascinated by all the different types of people hurrying around the shops. Sometimes, I just sit on a public bench and simply watch the variegated streams of shoppers. Today, in the age of globe-trotting take and communications, city life is more mixed than it has ever been. Capital cities are not cosmopolitan, and eager to attract foreign trade currency. There is a contemporary English joke which tells that you can never find an Englishman in London.The United States is made up of people of different races, religions, abilities, and interests. However, you seldom find such a variety of people in a smaller town. I think that living in an area where e very(prenominal)one was just like me would quickly become boring. Whether rightly or wrongly, I love the excitement of big cities. Small towns have a slow pace. Large cities mean you have to adapt to a variety of situations, like finding a new route to work or trying a new restaurant. I enjoy that challenge very much. Another pan of the excitement of city living is the variety of cultural activities available.There is a wide assortment of theatre, music and dance performances available in big cities. These things are rare in small ones. Governments and local authorities usually build public amenities in the big cities. Money is invested in transport, libraries, pose and museums. Often, countries will compete with each other for the best show-case building. Malaysia has built a skyscraper that is taller than is anything in New York. In large countries, area will compete against region New York against Chicago, Shanghai against Hong Kong and Beijing. All of this is good for the citizen.The magic of the Dick Whittington story is rekindled in me when I enter a library in a kingly building. If a person is at university studying art or music, a large city usually offers galleries and public performances. Even when I was a teenager, I appreciated the worth of living in a city because two or three times a year there was a rock and roll concert by one of my favorite bands. There is one thing I want to talk is small-towns and big cities both have some problems in terms of transportation. In a small town, you have to own a car to ensure a comfortable living.You cant get around without one because there i snt any kind of public transportation. Big cities generally have heavy traffic and expensive parking, but there you have a choice of winning public transportation. Its not free, but its often cheaper than driving when you consider gas and time. Especially if you dont have a car, youre better off in the city. And of course, security is a concern, and thats one area where small towns are superior to big cities. Still, I would rather be a bit more cautious and live in a large city than to feel secure but bored.

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Blacks only migrated to the unify States. You find that most a times, the black usually move to the united states in search of increased standards of backup say education and jobs. Most of the immigrants to the United States be blacks. Racism is one of the central features in the united states society since blacks and other people of colour be have discriminated so much in many fields. You find that most of the blacks and even the black Americans are usually discriminated on their race.For example in the areas of employment, blacks are usually seen as unproductive and hence discriminated in these areas. Its argued that most of Its forms have recently changed but, in this case we only need to look no however than the rates in unemployment which black people normally face, the rising levels of property by the blacks as when compared to the citizens of that country and, life expectancy rates, incomes as when compared to the citizens of that country and the stereotypes in the mass media in order to understand that racism and racial inequality still remains in the united states. (Allport, 2003).The value of racism that is examined in this case is that historically we find that racism can be analyzed as a central aspect of most of the economic system. In this case I can examine the Marxist theory which says that racism is supposed to only serve the capitalists or even the wealthy in the society at the spending of the suffering few.Also in the theory colonialism, many groups have come up with many theories that based their arguments and challenged racial injustice. All this is utter to have happened in the early 60s and 70s.This theory needs to be modified and its also relevant to examine the United States societies although it needs to be modified, it is relevant to examine the United States societies and its impacts to the blacks who live in the United States. (Butler, 1997).In the forked labour market, you find that the blacks are usually neglected in bot h the public and the private sectors. The cut down of meshs has been dodged by controversy which leaves us with the question of what can be considered as the right wages. A right wage can be said to be a compensation for a service offered which equals the amount of effort that was used in the service.Going with the labor theories, employer has a moral duty of ensuring that they cover the employees a wage which is equal to their input in their services. An engineer will not be expected to be paid the same amount of wage as a casual laborer. These are some of the segmentation in the labor market that we have to agree with. But in most of the dual sectors that is the public and the private sectors, you find that, blacks are usually discriminated and usually do hard work with only small wages. (Butler, 1997).Institutional discrimination is also discernible in the blacks who stay in the United States. In most of these institutions, you find that blacks are usually denied access to so me of the institutions.Ofcourse institutional discrimination is something which blacks have set about for quite a long time. For example, during the early times, blacks were forced in to institutional slavery. In this case, blacks were usually captured and taken as slavery by the American. Even straightaway some of these cases do happen since you find that most of the blacks who go stay in America are forced to do hard work since they are discriminated in certain institutions. (Butler, 1997).Double jeopardy does not happen to the blacks who live in the United States. Double jeopardy can be taken as the case when a criminal is supposed to be tried for a second time of the crime committed. In this case, blacks are not double jeopardized since on that point is a law which governs human rights and even for the immigrants who live in the United States. (Allport, 2003).Redlining also happens to the blacks which live in the United States. Redlining means the case when the be of alimen t are increased or even denied to some groups of individuals. But for this case, the blacks are denied their standards of living despite the human rights constitution which states that immigrants should be protected. In this case, redlining can be seen in variant accesses to jobs. Most of the blacks are usually denied access to job facilities and are mostly supposed to do the casual activities over there. There costs of living are low as when compared to the citizens of that country.Evvironmental justice is also accorded to the blacks who stay in the United States. You find that the human rights act which is set by various non governmental programs to help protect immigrants who come to unites states have been applied in most of these cases. People have the right to move to any country and have a go at it the benefits of that country just like anybody else. Affirmative action can be seen in the areas of employment. Out of research, it has been found that employer support for affir mative action has a evidentiary and positive influence on the blacks who stay in the United States and this can be seen at the higher job levels. (Allport, 2003).ConclusionBlacks are one of the social groups in the United States. They migrated to the United States in search of jobs, higher education and also increased standards of living. Despite their movement to these places, they usually face a lot of discrimination. For example they face a lot of racial discrimination. You find that the blacks are usually denied access to various jobs but the only job they can considerably access is the casual job.ReferenceAllport, G. (2003) The nature of prejudice. Vancouver, West coast Coalition for Human Dignity.Butler, P. (1997) Affirmative action. Diversity and options. University of Colorado Law review. Vol. 68.

International Bus Essay

1. Who argon the various stakeholders that Anglo American needs to consider as it adopts an effective HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome strategy? The community are said to be the driving forces of a countrys economy. In conspiracy Africa, AIDS has greatly impacted the nations economy. As evidence, it was stated that from 1992 to 2002, the economy of South Africa lost over $7 billion annually which is approximately 2% of the countrys GDP. This is because of the death of workers with AIDS. As AIDS continue to spread, it will continue to bring down the per capita growth of South Africa by 1 to 2% every year. Being a mining conglomerate, Anglo American operates in 45 nations and has over 107,000 employees. As Anglo American adopts an effective HIV/AIDS strategy, it should considering gathering as stakeholders all nations that are greatly reliant on the goods produced by the African workers. Anglo American must also consider health organizations, South African government, and volumed companies. It is imperative for the people in power to realize the impact of AIDS to the South African economy.2. What are the pros and cons of Anglo Americans adoption of an aggressive strategy in combating HIV/AIDS among its South African workforce? What recommendations would you give the caller concerning its HIV/AIDS policy?Since Anglo American was greatly hit during the outbreak of AIDS, the troupe developed comprehensive and dynamic approaches to combat the disease as it has become very ravaging to the workforce and its operations. The program was made up of ginmill initiatives with focus on education and awareness. The program also included dissemination of condoms, financial as well as skill-related training to lessen poverty, and a appraise system that would monitor the pervasiveness of the disease. Later on, the policies were expanded and included counseling, testing, as well as care and wellness programs. Some of the pros of the program include decrease defra yal for the patient as the number of people participating in the program increases.Despite the benefits of this aggressive strategy, there were many cons to this including the disapproval from many other enkindle parties. The program has also been unsuccessful because of refusal of some employees to undergo ART. Some even stopped during the treatment regimen. Other workers did not try submitting to the program because of fear of inequality while others were in denial of having been contacted with AIDS. A robust approach is essential in this matter. If discrimination is an issue for workers, then as much as possible, the company should adopt a program that will respect the privacy and confidentiality of the patients condition. In addition, since some patients are anxious about the cost of the treatment, the company must consider encouraging more stakeholders to support the program and deliver the treatment for free.3. Because such a large percentage of its workforce consists of mi grant workers who are more likely to acquire and spread HIV/AIDS, should Anglo American adopt the policy of not hiring migrant workers? Should the South African government close the doors to migrant workers?Closing the doors to migrant workers would be another case of discrimination. Since the majority of the companys employees are migrant workers, the company must consider proper natural covering before hiring. In hiring employees, companies must make sure that the people are in good condition and are ready for work. A physical check-up must be required. Migrant workers should not be stopped from working in Anglo-American provided that they meet the criterion of being HIV/AIDS-free.4. What role do pharmaceutical companies gaming in responding to the HIV/AIDS epidemic in South Africa? What policies or courses of action would you recommend to a company that produces HIV/AIDS drugs?Pharmaceutical companies are the ones responsible in manufacturing drugs needed for the treatment of H IV/AIDS. GSK for instance, deliver drugs to South Africa. However, Anglo American is hoping that pharmaceutical companies would reduce their prices to be able to provide more drugs for the people infected with HIV/AIDS. Though pharmaceutical companies wish toreduce their prices, they are also somehow hesitant in fear of violating the intellectual property rights. Policies or courses of action to consider to a company that produces HIV/AIDS drugs would be to lift up the intellectual property rights of drugs in nations such as South Africa which is in dire need of treatment.